Læknablaðið - 15.01.1996, Side 43

LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1996; 82
31
Á þeim fyrstu 10 árum sem alnæmi hefur
greinst hér á landi reyndist útbreiðslan ekki
eins ör og í mörgum öðrum löndum. Engin
marktæk aukning hefur orðið á nýgengi sjúk-
dómsins hin síðari ár en á sama tíma hefur
orðið aukning á dánartölu alnæmis sem er vís-
bending um að dregið hafi úr útbreiðslu farald-
ursins. Helsta breytingin sem varð á tímabilinu
er marktæk aukning á útbreiðslu smits meðal
gagnkynhneigðra jafnframt því sem dregið hef-
ur úr útbreiðslu meðal samkynhneigðra karla.
HEIMILDIR
1. Centers for Disease Control. Pneumocystis pneumonia
- Los Angeles. MMWR 1981; 30: 250.
2. Centers for Disease Control. Kaposi’s sarcoma and
Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men —
New York City and Califomia. MMWR1981; 30: 305-8.
3. Mann JM. AIDS — The second decade: a global per-
spective. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 245-50.
4. Barré-Sinoussi F, Cherman JC, Rey F, et al. Isolation of
a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science
1983 ; 220: 868-71.
5. Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, et al. Frequent
detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses
(HTLV-III) from patients at risk of AIDS. Science
1984; 224: 500-3
6. Lifson AR, Hessol NA, Rutherford GW. Progression
and clinical outcome of infection due to human immuno-
deficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 996-72.
7. Rutherford GW, Lifson AR, Darrow WW, O’Malley
PM, Buchbinder SP, et al. Course of HIV-1 in a cohort
of homosexual men: an 11 year follow up study. Br Med J
1990; 301: 1183-8.
8. Lemp GF, Payne SF, Neal D, Temelso T, Rutherford
GW. Survival trends for patients with AIDS. JAMA
1990; 263: 402-6.
9. Sato P, Chin J, Mann JM. Review of AIDS and HIV
infection: global epidemiology and statistics. AIDS
1989; 3/Suppl. 1: S 301-7.
10. Skrá um tilkynningaskylda sjúkdóma 1985. Reykjavík:
Landlæknisembættið, 1985.
11. Centers for Disease Control. Update on Kaposi’s sarco-
ma and opportunistic infections in previusly healthy
pearsons. MMWR 1982; 31: 294, 300-1.
12. Centers for Disease Control. Update on Acquired im-
mune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) — United States.
MMWR 1982; 31: 507-8, 513-4.
13. Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the case defini-
tion of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for nation-
al reporting — United States. MMWR 1985; 34: 373-5.
14. World Health Organization. Acquired immunodeficien-
cy syndrome (AIDS): WHO/CDC case definition for
AIDS. WHO Weekly Epidemiol Rec 1986; 61: 69-72.
15. Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the CDC sur-
veillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome. MMWR 1987; 36: 1S.
16. World Health Organization. WHO Weekly Epidemiol
Rec 1988; 63: 1-7.
17. World Health Organization. WHO case definitions for
AIDS surveillance in adults and adolescents. Weekly
Epidemiol Rec 1994; 37: 273-5.
18. Safai B, Sarngadharan MG, Groopman JE, et al. Sero-
epidemiological studies of human T-lymphotropic retro-
virus type III in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Lancet 1984; 1:1438-40.
19. Schochetman G, Ou CY, Jones WA. Polymerase chain
reaction. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 1154.
20. Centers for Disease Control. Unexplained CD4+ T-
lymphocyte depletion in persons without evident HIV
infection. MMWR 1992; 41: 541-5.
21. Centers for Disease Control. 1993 Revised classification
system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case
definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults.
MMWR 1992; 41: (no. RR-17).
22. Ancelle-Park R. Expanded European AIDS surveil-
lance case definition. Lancet 1993; 341: 441.
23. Reesink HW, Huisman JG, Gonsalves, et al. Evaluation
of six enzyme immunoassays for antibodies against hu-
man immunodeficiency virus. Lancet 1986; 2: 483-6.
24. Centers for Disease Control. Update: serological testing
for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.
MMWR 1988; 36: 833-40.
25. Lundberg GD. Serological diagnosis of human immuno-
deficiency virus infection by Western blot testing. The
consortium for retrovirus serology standardization. JA-
MA 1988; 260: 674-9.
26. Lög um varnir gegn kynsjúkdómum nr. 16/1978 ásamt
lögum nr. 7/1986 um breyting á lögum nr. 16/1978.
27. Hagstofa íslands. Fólksfjöldatöflur, 1995.
28. Tulinius H. Faraldsfræði og heilsuvernd. Háskóli ís-
lands: Háskólaútgáfan, 1989: 56.
29. Centers for Disease Control. Update: acquired immu-
nodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1984; 33: 337-9.
30. Altman DC. Data screening. In: Practical Statistics for
Medical Research. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991.
31. Colton T. Longitudinal studies and the use of life table.
In: Statistics in Medicine. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1974.
32. Garry RF, Witte MH, Gottlieb A, et al. Documentation
of an AIDS virus infection in the United States in 1968.
JAMA 1988; 260: 2085-7.
33. Briem H, Guðmundsson S, Einarsson EÞ. Algengi HIV
smits meðal sjúklinga sem rannsakaðir voru á Borgar-
spítalanum 1986 og 1989-1990. IX. þing Félags íslenskra
lyflækna, Vestmannaeyjum 25.-27. maí 1990. Lækna-
blaðið 1990; 76: 461-2. (Ágrip.)
34. European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of
AIDS. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe: Quarterly
Report no. 47, 30 September 1995.
35. Anonymous. Aids the third wave. Lancet 1994; 343:
186-8.
36. Snorrason GJ, Sigurðarson SÞ, Guðmundsson S, Briem
H. Óskir um mótefnamælingu gegn alnæmisveiru, lifrar-
bólguveiru B og C. Læknablaðið 1993; 79: 5-9.
37. Högnadóttir HD, Tyrfingsson Þ, Löve A. Greining lifr-
arbólguveiru B: faraldur meðal fíkniefnaneytenda.
Læknablaðið 1993; 79: 227-31.
38. Löve A, Sigurðsson JR, Stanzeit B, Briem H, Ríkarðs-
dóttir H. Limited genotype diversity of hepatitis C virus
strain and gender difference in the elimination of vire-
mia among Icelandic intravenous drug users determined
by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Epidemiol. (In
press.)
39. Centers for Disease Control. Update: Mortality attrib-
utable to HIV infection/AIDS among persons aged 25-
44 years, United States, 1990 and 1991. MMWR
1993;42:481-6.