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Læknablaðið - 15.01.1996, Page 43

Læknablaðið - 15.01.1996, Page 43
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1996; 82 31 Á þeim fyrstu 10 árum sem alnæmi hefur greinst hér á landi reyndist útbreiðslan ekki eins ör og í mörgum öðrum löndum. Engin marktæk aukning hefur orðið á nýgengi sjúk- dómsins hin síðari ár en á sama tíma hefur orðið aukning á dánartölu alnæmis sem er vís- bending um að dregið hafi úr útbreiðslu farald- ursins. Helsta breytingin sem varð á tímabilinu er marktæk aukning á útbreiðslu smits meðal gagnkynhneigðra jafnframt því sem dregið hef- ur úr útbreiðslu meðal samkynhneigðra karla. HEIMILDIR 1. Centers for Disease Control. Pneumocystis pneumonia - Los Angeles. MMWR 1981; 30: 250. 2. Centers for Disease Control. Kaposi’s sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men — New York City and Califomia. MMWR1981; 30: 305-8. 3. Mann JM. AIDS — The second decade: a global per- spective. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 245-50. 4. Barré-Sinoussi F, Cherman JC, Rey F, et al. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 1983 ; 220: 868-71. 5. Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, et al. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients at risk of AIDS. Science 1984; 224: 500-3 6. Lifson AR, Hessol NA, Rutherford GW. Progression and clinical outcome of infection due to human immuno- deficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 996-72. 7. Rutherford GW, Lifson AR, Darrow WW, O’Malley PM, Buchbinder SP, et al. Course of HIV-1 in a cohort of homosexual men: an 11 year follow up study. Br Med J 1990; 301: 1183-8. 8. Lemp GF, Payne SF, Neal D, Temelso T, Rutherford GW. Survival trends for patients with AIDS. JAMA 1990; 263: 402-6. 9. Sato P, Chin J, Mann JM. Review of AIDS and HIV infection: global epidemiology and statistics. AIDS 1989; 3/Suppl. 1: S 301-7. 10. Skrá um tilkynningaskylda sjúkdóma 1985. Reykjavík: Landlæknisembættið, 1985. 11. Centers for Disease Control. Update on Kaposi’s sarco- ma and opportunistic infections in previusly healthy pearsons. MMWR 1982; 31: 294, 300-1. 12. Centers for Disease Control. Update on Acquired im- mune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) — United States. MMWR 1982; 31: 507-8, 513-4. 13. Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the case defini- tion of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for nation- al reporting — United States. MMWR 1985; 34: 373-5. 14. World Health Organization. Acquired immunodeficien- cy syndrome (AIDS): WHO/CDC case definition for AIDS. WHO Weekly Epidemiol Rec 1986; 61: 69-72. 15. Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the CDC sur- veillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1987; 36: 1S. 16. World Health Organization. WHO Weekly Epidemiol Rec 1988; 63: 1-7. 17. World Health Organization. WHO case definitions for AIDS surveillance in adults and adolescents. Weekly Epidemiol Rec 1994; 37: 273-5. 18. Safai B, Sarngadharan MG, Groopman JE, et al. Sero- epidemiological studies of human T-lymphotropic retro- virus type III in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Lancet 1984; 1:1438-40. 19. Schochetman G, Ou CY, Jones WA. Polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 1154. 20. Centers for Disease Control. Unexplained CD4+ T- lymphocyte depletion in persons without evident HIV infection. MMWR 1992; 41: 541-5. 21. Centers for Disease Control. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 1992; 41: (no. RR-17). 22. Ancelle-Park R. Expanded European AIDS surveil- lance case definition. Lancet 1993; 341: 441. 23. Reesink HW, Huisman JG, Gonsalves, et al. Evaluation of six enzyme immunoassays for antibodies against hu- man immunodeficiency virus. Lancet 1986; 2: 483-6. 24. Centers for Disease Control. Update: serological testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR 1988; 36: 833-40. 25. Lundberg GD. Serological diagnosis of human immuno- deficiency virus infection by Western blot testing. The consortium for retrovirus serology standardization. JA- MA 1988; 260: 674-9. 26. Lög um varnir gegn kynsjúkdómum nr. 16/1978 ásamt lögum nr. 7/1986 um breyting á lögum nr. 16/1978. 27. Hagstofa íslands. Fólksfjöldatöflur, 1995. 28. Tulinius H. Faraldsfræði og heilsuvernd. Háskóli ís- lands: Háskólaútgáfan, 1989: 56. 29. Centers for Disease Control. Update: acquired immu- nodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1984; 33: 337-9. 30. Altman DC. Data screening. In: Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991. 31. Colton T. Longitudinal studies and the use of life table. In: Statistics in Medicine. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1974. 32. Garry RF, Witte MH, Gottlieb A, et al. Documentation of an AIDS virus infection in the United States in 1968. JAMA 1988; 260: 2085-7. 33. Briem H, Guðmundsson S, Einarsson EÞ. Algengi HIV smits meðal sjúklinga sem rannsakaðir voru á Borgar- spítalanum 1986 og 1989-1990. IX. þing Félags íslenskra lyflækna, Vestmannaeyjum 25.-27. maí 1990. Lækna- blaðið 1990; 76: 461-2. (Ágrip.) 34. European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe: Quarterly Report no. 47, 30 September 1995. 35. Anonymous. Aids the third wave. Lancet 1994; 343: 186-8. 36. Snorrason GJ, Sigurðarson SÞ, Guðmundsson S, Briem H. Óskir um mótefnamælingu gegn alnæmisveiru, lifrar- bólguveiru B og C. Læknablaðið 1993; 79: 5-9. 37. Högnadóttir HD, Tyrfingsson Þ, Löve A. Greining lifr- arbólguveiru B: faraldur meðal fíkniefnaneytenda. Læknablaðið 1993; 79: 227-31. 38. Löve A, Sigurðsson JR, Stanzeit B, Briem H, Ríkarðs- dóttir H. Limited genotype diversity of hepatitis C virus strain and gender difference in the elimination of vire- mia among Icelandic intravenous drug users determined by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Epidemiol. (In press.) 39. Centers for Disease Control. Update: Mortality attrib- utable to HIV infection/AIDS among persons aged 25- 44 years, United States, 1990 and 1991. MMWR 1993;42:481-6.
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