Læknablaðið - 15.02.2000, Blaðsíða 29

FRÆÐIGREINAR / BARNALÆKNINGAR
innar hefðu fremur komið til endurmats við átta ára
aldur en þau sem voru einkennalaus. Svo reyndist
ekki vera, þau börn sem féllu úr rannsókninni skáru
sig ekki úr hvað ofnæmi varðaði.
Niðurstöður okkar staðfesta að ofnæmi og astmi
eru algengir sjúkdómar hjá íslenskum börnum og er
þetta sambærilegt við það sem gerist annars staðar á
Vesturlöndum. Einnig kemur glöggt fram breytt sýnd
ofnæmissjúkdóma með aldri, þar sem exem er sjúk-
dómur yngsta aldurshópsins en ofnæmiskvef er eink-
um greint í eldri börnum. Rannsóknin sýnir lrka að
börn sem greinast með astma og/eða exem um
tveggja ára aldur eru oft orðin einkennalaus við
skólaaldur. Með aukinni þekkingu á ofnæmissjúk-
dómum hafa meðferð og horfur batnað verulega.
Hér er þó engu að síður um mikilvægt heilbrigðis-
vandamál að ræða sem snertir einstaklinginn og
þjóðfélagið í heild.
Þakkir
Vísindasjóður Landspítalans, starfsfólk Heilsuvernd-
arstöðvar Reykjavíkur og þátttakendur ásamt að-
standendum þeirra, fá þakkir fyrir veitta aðstoð við
þessa rannsókn
Heimildir
1. Kjellman N-IM. Natural course of asthma and allergy in
childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1994; 5/Suppl. 1:13-8.
2. Hanson L, Telemo E. TTie growing allergy problem. Acta
Pædiatr 1997; 86: 916-8.
3. Jarvis D, Burney P. The epidemiology of allergic disease. BMJ
1998; 316:607-10.
4. Ninan TK, Russell G. Respiratory symptoms and atopy in
Aberdeen schoolchildren: evidence from two surveys 25 years
apart. BMJ 1992; 304:873-5.
5. Mutius EV, Fritzsch C, Weiland SK, Röll G, Magnussen H.
Prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders among children in
united Germany: a descriptive comparison. BMJ 1992; 305:
1395-9.
6. Braabaack L, Breborowicz A, Dreborg S, Knutsson A, Pieklik
H, Björkstén B. Atopic sensitization and respiratory symp-
toms among Polish and Swedish school children. Clin Exp
Allergy 1994; 24: 826-35.
7. Riikjarv MA, Julge K, Vasar M, Braaback L, Knutsson A,
Björkstén B. The prevalence of atopic sensitization and
respiratory symptoms among Estonian schoolchildren. Clin
Exp Allergy 1995; 25:1198-204.
8. Mutius E, Martinez FD, Fritzsch C, Nicolai T, Reitmeir P,
Thiemann HH. Skin test reactivity and number of siblings.
BMJ 1994; 308: 692-5.
9. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ
1989; 299:1259-60.
10. Eiríksson TH, Sigurgeirsson B, Árdal B, Sigfússon Á, Valdi-
marsson H. Cord blood IgE levels are influenced by gesta-
tional age but do not predict allergic manifestations in infants.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1994; 5: 5-10.
11. Lúdvíksson BR, Eirfksson TH, Árdal B, Sigfússon Á, Valdi-
marsson H. Correlation between serum immunoglobulin A
concentration and allergic manifestations in infants. J Pediatr
1992;121:23-7.
12. Lúdvíksson BR, Thorarensen O, Árdal B, Valdimarsson H.
Allergic diseases and asthma in relation to serum immuno-
globulins and salivary IgA in pre-school children; a follow-up
community based study. In press 2000.
13. Croner S, Kjellman N-IM, Eriksson B, Roth A. IgE screening
in 1701 newborn infants and the development of atopic disease
during infancy. Arch Dis Child 1982; 57:364-8.
14. Zeiger RS, Heller S, Mellon MH, Forsythe AB, O'Connor RD,
Hamburger RN, et al. Effect of combined maternal and infant
food-allergen avoidance on development of atopy in early
infnacy: a randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84:
72-89.
15. Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Sigurs N, Björkstén B, Kjellman N-
IM. Effect of maternal avoidance of eggs cow's milk and fish
during lactation upon allergic manifestations in infants. Clin
Exp Allergy 1989; 19: 27-32.
16. Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, Beasley R, Crane J,
Martinez F, et al. International study of asthma and allergies in
childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J
1995; 8: 483-91.
17. Foucard T. Astma hos barn i áldrarna 0-6 ár. In: Eriksson NE,
ed. Allergi och annan överkánslighet i praktisk sjukvárd.
Lund: Studentlitteratur; 1993: 252-7.
18. Dahl R. Bjermer L, eds. Nordic concensus report on asthma
management. Respir Med. In press 2000.
19. Strachan DP. The epidemiology of childhood asthma. Allergy
1999; 54/Suppl. 49: 7-12.
20. Tariq SM, Matthews S, Stevens M, Ridout S, Hakim EA, Hide
DW. Epidemiology of allergic disorders in early childhood.
Pediatr Pulmonol 1997; 16/SuppI.: 69.
21. Almeida MM, Camara R, Marques A , Ornelas P, Romeira J,
Neuparth N, et al. Prevalence of asthma and atopy in Madeira
Archipelago schoolchildren. Eur Resp J 1996; 9/Suppl. 23:232.
22. Luyt DK, Burton PR, Simpson H. Epidemiological study of
wheeze, doctor diagnosed asthma, and cough in preschool
children in Leicestershire. BMJ 1993; 306:1386-90.
23. Pin I, Dutau G. Epidemiology of asthma and allergy in child-
hood: its impact on offered care in France. Pediatr Pulmonol
1997; 16/SuppI.: 68.
24. Björkstén B. Epidemiology of pollution-induced airway
disease in Scandinavia and Eastern-Europe. Allergy 1997;
52/Suppl. 38: 23-5.
25. Robertson CF, Heycock E, Bishop J, Nolan T, Olinsky A,
Phelan PD. Prevalence of asthma in Melbourne school-
children: changes over 26 years. BMJ 1991; 302: 1116-8.
26. Soto-Quiros M, Bustamante M, Gutierrez I, Hanson LA,
Strannegaard I-L, Karlberg J. The prevalence of childhood
asthma in Costa Rica. Clin Exp Allergy 1994; 24: 1130-6.
27. Lau YL, Karlberg J. Prevalence, severity and risk factors of
asthma and allergies in 6-7 years old Hong Kong children in
1995. Eur Resp J 1996; 9/Suppl. 23: 232.
28. Sears MR. Epidemiology of childhood asthma. Lancet 1997;
350:1015-20.
29. Lund KE, Skrondal A, Vertio H, Helgason ÁR. Children's
residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke varies
greatly between the Nordic countries. Scand J Soc Med 1998;
26:115-20.
Læknablaðið 2000/86 107