Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.1985, Page 103

Jökull - 01.12.1985, Page 103
skala. Slíkir skjálftar, 4.5-6 stig, eru reyndar ekki óalgengir í Jan Mayen þverbrotabeltinu, sem er þarna strax norðan við eyna. Þeir eru af hreinum tektónískum uppruna og hafa brotlausnir, sem sýna „strike-slip“ misgengi (sniðgengi) með stefnu 10—30° norðan við vestur (Bungum og Husebye, 1977). Stefna gossprungunnar, sem opnaðist nú og sumra hinna eldri er þarna finnast, er nokkurn veginn mitt á milli stefnu Jan Mayen þverbrotabeltisins og Jan Mayen eldvirknistefnunnar. Jarðskjálftarnir, sem fylgdu gosinu, minna meir á tektóníska skjálfta en gosskjálfta. Því má ætla að skjálftarnir séu vegna „strike-slip“ spennulosunar í suðurjaðri þverbrotabeltisins, en opni leið til yfirborðs fyrir kviku, sem er til staðar ofarlega og yst í kvikukerfinu. Ef svo er, er hér um að ræða gos í leku þverbrotabelti (leaky fracture zone eruption) frem- ur en gos úr hinu eiginlega kvikukerfi Jan Mayen. Sú væga tilhneiging til breyttrar goshegðunar og bergsam- setningar, miðað við Jan Mayen í heild, sem einkennir NA-horn Jan Mayen, gæti stutt þessa túlkun og jafnframt bent til þess að þverbrotabeltið sem slíkt hafi einhver áhrif á efnasamsetningu kvikunnar, sem þar verður til og þróast. þakkir Norrænu eldfjallastöðinni er þakkað fyrir flugferðina norður og aðra aðstöðu. Starfsfélögum á stofnuninni eru þakkaðar gagnlegar umræður og aðstoð, einkum Guð- mundi E. Sigvaldasyni og Guðrúnu Larsen, sem lásu yfir handrit. Páli Einarssyni, Ragnari Stefánssyni og Barða Þorkelssyni eru þakkaðar upplýsingar um jarð- skjálftana, Ragnari Axelssyni Ijósmyndara eru þökkuð not af myndasafni úr flugferðinni og Atla Rúnari Hall- dórssyni fréttamanni hjálp við að rekja fréttir af atburð- unum og kanna heimildagildi þeirra. HEIMILDIR Adresseavisen mánudaginn 7. jan. og þriðjudaginn 8. jan. 1985. Aftenposten þriðjudaginn 8. jan. 1985. Arbeiderbladet mánudaginn 7. jan. og þriðjudaginn 8. jan. 1985. Bungum, H. og E.S. Husebye, 1977: Seismicity of the Norwegian Sea: The Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. Tectonoph. 40: 351-360. Hawkins, T.R.W. og B. Roberts, 1963: Agglutinate in North Jan Mayen. Geol. Mag. 100: 156—163. Imsland, P., 1978: The geology of the volcanic island Jan Mayen, Arctic Ocean. Nordic Volcanol. Inst., Res. Rep. 7813: 74 pp. Imsland, P., 1984: The petrology, mineralogy and evo- lution of the Jan Mayen magma system. Vísindafél. íslendinga, Rit 43: 332 bls. Norsk Polarinstitutt, 1959: Topographic map of Jan Mayen, Blad 2 Nord-Jan. 1:50.000. Roberts, B. og T.R.W. Hawkins, 1965: The geology of the area around Nordkapp, Jan Mayen. Norsk Polarinst. Árbok 1963: 24-47. Siggerud, T., 1972: The volcanic eruption on Jan Mayen 1970. Norsk Polarinst. Árbok 1970: 5-18. THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION ON JAN MAYEN IN JANUARY 1985 Páll Imsland University of lceland 101 Reykjavík, Iceland ABSTRACT A volcanic eruption started on Jan Mayen on the 6th of January 1985. The eruption occurred on a 1 km long fissure trending around 15° south of W at the extreme NE-corner of the island, on the lower flanks of Beeren- berg. It extended from sea-level and up to more than 200 m height. The eruption was short, lasting only around 35 —40 hours. It delivered an estimated amount of 7 million m3 of magma to the surface. This did apparently mostly form a thin lava which covers 1 km2 ofwhich 0.24 km2 advanced into the sea to form new land. When observed from the air on the 7th ofjanuary, the eruption was just fading out. The remaining activity was slight spattering in two craters, a steady brown eruption col- umn, but no flowing lava. Though short, this eruption was intense while it lasted. The extrusion rate was on the average 49—56 m3/sec on the 1 km longfissure which was most productive in the upper half of its length. Considerable seismic activity accompanied the erup- tion. Among the earthquakes were several apparently reaching between 4.5 and 5 on the Richter scale, which is unusually strong for volcanic earthquakes. Immediately north ofthe eruption site is theJan Mayen Fracture Zone striking around 25° north of W. The general trend of the volcanic features on the island itselfis SW-NE. The trend of the new fissure is thus midway between the general trend of the island volcanism and that of the fracture zone. This and the strong earthquakes might indicate that the eruption could be a leaky fracture zone eruption rather than an eruption from the Jan Mayen magma system proper, initiated by strike-slip stress release associated with the strong earthquakes at the junction of the fracture zone and the volcanic island magma system. JÖKULL 35. ÁR 101
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