Árbók Hins íslenzka fornleifafélags - 01.01.1999, Blaðsíða 102

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Summary
Wood carving and woodeti sculpture
Wood is a living material, well suited for carved decoration and sculpture. In Iceland the art
of wood-carving must be as old as the settlement of the country and it continued to
ílourish for a thousand years — a paradox in a land so lacking in trees.
This article attempts to present the main features of the historical development of wood
carving and wood sculpture in Iceland, covering the four forms of the art that apparendy
have always existed: 1) incised carving, 2) raised motifs (in relief against a lowered
background), 3) pierced carving, 4) carving in the round or free-standing figures.
It is natural to talk about comnton Nordic styles in the style and motifs in the earlier
period, whereas later on it is the leading European styles that are reflected to a greater or
lesser degree. The subject matter was mainly ornamental, followed by figures and
inscriptions, also pardy used ornamentally.
From the pagan period, which lasted until about AD1000, there exists (in the Sagas of
the Icelanders) written evidence of wood-carving for magical or ritual purposes and carved
figurative scenes with an epic content. The earliest surviving carving, however, is from the