Tímarit um menntarannsóknir - 01.01.2013, Page 82

Tímarit um menntarannsóknir - 01.01.2013, Page 82
Guóný Guðbjörnsdóttir fram á 20. öld og að þegar fyrstu greindar- prófin voru búin til var umdeilt hvort hægt væri að nota sömu próf fyrir bæði kyn (Ro- senberg, 1982). Það er vissulega byltingarkennd túlkun hjá Miru Morgenstern (1995) að líta á boð- skap Rousseaus í Emile, Emile og Sophie og skáldsögunni um Juliu sem vísbendingu um að hann hafi séð fyrir að hefðbundin hlutverkaskipting kynjanna á 18. öld gengi ekki upp þar sem hvorki Emile né Sophie urðu heilir og hamingjusamir einstakling- ar og samfélagsþegnar. Sú túlkun sýnir ekki aðeins svartsýni Rousseaus á að hægt væri að ná markmiðinu að ala upp góða einstaklinga í spilltu þjóðfélagi, heldur einnig hvatningu hans til að breyta þjóð- félaginu þannig að mörkin á milli einka- lífs og opinbers lífs væru afmáð og bæði kyn gætu notið þess frelsis, fjölskyldulífs og borgaralegu réttinda sem hann boðaði í Samfélagssáttmálanum. Samkvæmt þessu sjónarhorni má halda því fram að Rous- seau hafi verið framsýnn og eigi enn erindi á þriggja alda afmæli sínu, ekki síst hér á íslandi á tímum hruns og knýjandi um- ræðu um nýjan samfélagssáttmála. Abstract Jean-Jacques Rousseau's tri-centennial (1712-2012) Rousseau's educational ideas from a gender perspective: Conservative, misogynistic or revolutionary? In view of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's tri- centennial (1712-2012) and the 250 years since the first publication of Emile or On Education and The Social Contract in 1762, this article looks back at Rousseau's edu- cational ideas from a gender perspective. The aim is to review the central themes of Rousseau's educational ideas for Emile and Sophie or boys and girls; discuss why his writings on the education of So- phie are often omitted in educational dis- course and its implications; analyze how feminists and others have reacted to Emile from Wollstonecraft to the present and the various interpretations of Rousseau writ- ings. Was he echoing the traditional gen- der views of his time, was he a misogynist, or can he be considered progressive from a gender perspective? The reaction to Emile has been strong since its publication in 1762, when the book was banned in France. In her Vindi- cation of the Rights ofWomen (1792) Woll- stonecraft objected that women were not to be educated as intelligent beings, as they should in her opinion even if they continue to be housewives and mothers locked in the "ontological basement" of the private. Wollstonecraft argued for sim- ilar kind of education for men and women so that women could be good mothers and if the constitution of marriage was to last the couple had to be companions. The si- lencing of Sophie's education in tradition- 80 Á
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