Ritið : tímarit Hugvísindastofnunar - 01.05.2015, Blaðsíða 89

88
Efinn birtist einnig skýrt í umfjöllunum um íbúa Grænlands, voru þeir villidýr eða
villimenn?
Lykilorð: Tvíhyggja, nýlenduhyggja, útópía/dystópía, kynþáttahyggja, bórealismi
A B S T R A C T
Within or outside of Europe?
Images of Iceland and Greenland in the late 18th Century
and during the 19th Century
The discourse on Iceland and Greenland is in many ways similar in the period, but
also different. According to many descriptions the Icelanders were the contrast of
civilization and modernity, either immoral savages or noble and good. In this disco-
urse of colonialism and modernity the Icelanders resembled mostly other people on
the edges of Europe and people outside the continent.
During this period discussion on the Icelandic medieval society became increas-
ingly important. This narrative was made understandable by comparing medieval
Iceland to ancient Greece. In the course of the 19th century racism became an
important symptom in narratives on Iceland. Along with nationalism it was used
to “elevate” Iceland and the Icelanders and the Viking-discourse on Iceland was
gradually shaped.
The discourse on Greenland changed less in the period than was the case with
Iceland. As in earlier periods, the images of the country demonstrated both terrible
and noble savages. Racism also shaped the discourse on Greenland and had the
consequences that Greenland became even more “distant” than before.
The discourse on Iceland and Greenland was often similar to the discussion of
exotic areas outside Europe. We can call this exoticism borealism, tropicality with
the symptoms of the far north. The colonial discourse was thus the “knowledge”
that was commonly transferred on Iceland and Greenland.
The narratives that here have been discussed were often characterized by am-
bivalence, doubts about what kind of communities were in these countries. Were
the Icelanders savages or civilized, were they Eskimos or Hellenes? And according
to the Greenlanders: Were they savages or even animals?
Keywords: dualism; colonialism, utopia/dystopia; racism; borealism
sumaRliði R. ísleifsson