Gripla - 2021, Page 80

GRIPLA78
have significant areas where the background is very dark, making it very
difficult, and often impossible, to read the text itself.27
The transcription follows the guidelines of Menota at the diplomatic
level.28 As such, the transcript keeps the original punctuation, expands
abbreviations, indicates certain types of errors, and distinguishes between
the forms of letters only when they might have a phonological difference.
In particular, a scribal addition above the line is denoted ⸌text⸍, a scribal
addition in the margin is denoted ⸝text⸜, and a scribal correction is denoted
text. A dittography is denoted text and an addition by the editor is
denoted <text>. Text that is illegible but is identifiable from the context
is denoted [text]. The letters “f” and “”, “t” and “ꞇ”, and “r” and “ꝛ” are
not distinguished. The letters “d” and “ꝺ” are not distinguished but are
distinguished from “ð” although it is frequently difficult to ascertain the
difference between the latter two. The letters “u” and “v” are distinguished
although the scribe appears to use them interchangeably. Consonant liga-
tures for “pp” and “kk” are expanded silently. The letters “ſ” and “s” are
distinguished since a positional difference can be observed in their use.
Typically, “ſ” is seen in frontal and medial positions and “s” in final posi-
tions, but there are exceptions. For examples, we see a final “ſ” in uerpilſ
in 13v/27 and 15v/18 and 20, and lioſ in 16v/6, while subdupli in 15r/33 and
sem in 16v/6 both have a frontal “s”. Additionally, an initial capital “s” is
written “S”, as in Setta in 13v/24 and Seaunda in 13v/25. Abbreviation sym-
bols are expanded with italics, suspensions are expanded in parentheses,
small capitals are not expanded, and all accents and punctuation are shown.
For this transcript, we have expanded the “er/ir” abbreviation with “ir”.
So, for example, “fior’” is expanded as “fiorir” and “fing’r” is expanded as
“fingir”. We have indicated folio and line numbering within the text and
have divided the text into sections as indicated by the scribe (either by a
drawing of a hand pointing to the right, blank space, or the use of a large
capital letter).
We have transcribed the Medieval ghubār numerals, that is, , , , ,
, , , , , , in the modern form, namely, 0, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. This
27 “GKS 1812 4to, 13v–16v,” handrit.is. The enhanced readability of the black-and-white photo-
graphs may indicate that the photographer used ultraviolet illumination, although no special
technology is noted in the registration.
28 “Menota Handbook 3.0,” Menota Nordic Text Archive (Menota, 2019), https://www.
menota.org/HB3_ch4.xml.