Ný saga - 01.01.1988, Blaðsíða 122

Ný saga - 01.01.1988, Blaðsíða 122
ADstracts Anniversary (Afmæli). Guöjón Friðriksson: Women at a Men’s Meeting. A Centenary of a Woman’s Voting in Reykjavík. (Konur á karlafundi). In 1882 the right to vote in municipal elections was granted to women in lceland, a right not exercised until 1888. This article is written to commemorate this event. It traces the history of women’s participation in elections and the awakening of a political and social awareness of women and the supporters of women’s rights from 1888-1908. Genealogy (Ættvísi). Halldór Bjarnason: From Rags to Riches. (Frá fátækf til fjár). The study examines social mobility in lceland from 1800—1940 with the aid of genealogy. The author takes two farmers born in the 1770’s, one a landowner, the other a peasant, and traces the social status of their descendants down to the early 20th century. The aim of the study is to show how the old lcelandic national pastime of family tracing can be of assistance to historians if used system- atically. Auöur G. Magnúsdóttir Love and Power: Mistresses in Commonwealth lceland (Ástir og völd. Frillulífi á íslandi á Þjóðveldisöld). The article examines the reasons why lcelandic chieftains kept mistresses in the commonwealth period (930—1262). The author distinguishes four reasons for this: 1. The less well off might have preferred mistresses to wives for economic reasons. They would nevertheless have been obliged to provide for their children as the law called for the maintenance of illegitimate children by a father or his family. 2. Some may have kept mistresses because they could not find a bride they considered their social equal. 3. In some cases “true love” may have played a part, where the parties for some reason, financial or social were not able to marry. 4. The last reason suggested in the article forms the central argument of this paper: chieftains kept mistresses in order to secure and gain the political support of their fathers, brothers or custodians. This could, the author argues, have been of advantage to both parties, the chieftain trying to establish himself as a ruler of certain areas or lands and the large farmer trying to gain power and control in smaller areas. The author sees mistresses as strategic pawns in the power struggle which culminated in the Age of the Sturlungs (1220-1262). Books (Af bókum). Jón Viðar Sigurðsson: “To See the Forest for the Trees.” (“Að sjá skóginn fyrir trjánum”). Jón Viðar Sigurðsson here looks at Aschehougs Verdens His- torie, a world history in 15 volumes, published in Norway from 1982—86. The work is now being translated into lcelandic and the publication will be finished in 1990. Sigurðsson interviewed Knut Helle, one of the editors of the Norwegian edition, and Helgi Skúli Kjartansson, co-editor of the lcelandic edition and asked them respectively why the Norwegians undertook to write a world history and why an lcelandic publishing company decided to have it translated into lcelandic. He then compares the two editions and evaluates the use of such a work for nations on the periphery of world history and contemplates whether they should not have concentrated on writing a nordic-centred history. Difference of Opinion (Skiptar skoðanir). Gísli Gunnarsson: the Restoration Government: Ideas and Reality. Stefán Ólafsson: the Restoration Government’s Fate or Qualities. Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson: The Restoration Government Was good — but Could it Have Been better? The articles under this heading are an evaluation of and ex- change of opinion about the so-called Restoration government (Viðreisnarstjórnin), a coalition of the Independence and Social Democratic parties in power from 1959—1971, longer than any other government since 1944. Three scholars, each an authority in his field, evaluate the achievements of this government. Gísli Ágúst Gunnlaugsson Love and Marriage in Former Times. (Ást og hjónaband á fyrri öldum). The author begins by reviewing recent historical literature on love and the reasons for marriage in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. He then turns to lceland and tries to establish what caused people to get marriage here in the same centuries and if and how this changed during this period. This is not a complete study of the problem, rather an introduction to the study and is based mainly on (auto)biographies. The author's conclusions are that in pre-industrial society marriage was, more often than not, based on economic needs. He also states that it was assumed to be an asset if love could flourish in the marriage, but this was not a prerequisite. As the period under inspection comes to a close the role of “romantic love” became more important as a basis for marriage. The author is currently engaged in an examination of possible changes in the role of the family as the reasons for entering into marriage changed. The results of this study will be published later this year, Helgi Þorláksson Graycloaks in the Golden Age and Women’s Work. (Gráfeldir á gullöld og voðaverk kvenna). The author examines and refutes the traditional view that lce- landers ceased foreign trade and travel in the 12th century with the passing of foreign trade into Norwegian hands. He maintains that lcelanders did in fact still travel in the 13th and later centuries and instead of exporting imitation skins (vararfeldir) they brought with them woven cloth (wadmal, vaðmál) which was comparatively cheap and therefore in demand in the fast growing European urban centres of the High Middle Ages. The author stresses that earlier works on lcelandic medieval history have overplayed the importance of lcelandic skins on foreign markets and therefore fallen into the trap of assuming that a pricefall in vararfeldir led to decreased export which in turn lead to less travelling among lcelanders. The author suggests that domestic factors caused the price fluctuations which therefore had nothing to do with foreign trade. Finally the author points out that the traditional view of the causes and effect of the loss of foreign trade into Norwegian hands is a byproduct of the Independence movement of the 19th century, and in need of revision. Such a revision, he argues, would bring into perspective the importance for the golden age heroes of the women who produced their "foreign currency” — wadmal. Interview. “ . . . the History of Everyday Life, that is What We are looking for.” (“...hið daglega líf, hvunndagssagan, sem við leitum fyrst og fremst eftir”). Here Árni Björnsson, of the department of folk-life at the lce- landic National Museum discusses the history, the aims and work of the department. Established in 1960 the department in its earlier years concentrated on the collection of information about the old farming community which prevailed in lceland until the 1940's. More recently the department has turned its attention towards urbanisation and descriptions of urban life from the late 19th centu-
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