Læknablaðið - 15.10.1998, Side 22

734
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1998; 84
oma assigned to human chromosome 13 by linkage to
esterase D. Science 1983; 219: 971-3.
11. Cavenee WK, Hansen MF, Nordenskjold M, Kock E, Mau-
menee I, Squire A, et al. Genetic origin of mutations predis-
posing to retinoblastoma. Science 1985; 228: 501-3.
12. Friend SH, Bemards R, Rogelj S, Weinberg RA, Rapaport
JM, Albert DM, et al. A human DNA segment with proper-
ties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and
osteosarcoma. Nature 1986; 323: 643-6.
13. Huang HJS, Lee JK, Shew JY, Chen PL, Bookstein R,
Friedmann T, et al. Suppression of the neoplastic phenotype
by replacement of the RB gene in human cancer cells.
Science 1988; 242: 1563-6.
14. Lee WH, Bookstein R, Hong F, Young LJ, Shew JY, Lee
EY. Human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene: cloning,
identification, and sequence. Science 1987; 235: 1394-9.
15. Weinberg RA. How cancer arises. Sci Am 1996; 275: 62-70.
16. Greenblatt MS, Bennett WP, Hollstein M, Harris CC. Muta-
tions in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues to cancer etio-
logy and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 1994; 54:
4855-78.
17. Hung J, Kishimoto Y, Sugio K, Virmani A, Mclntire DD,
Minna JD, et al. Allele-specific chromosome 3p deletions
occur at an early stage in the pathogenesis of lung carcin-
oma. JAMA 1995; 273: 558-63.
18. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. The multistep nature of cancer.
Trends Genet 1993; 9: 138-41.
19. Fearon ER. Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal
tumorigenesis. Cell 1990; 61: 759-67.
20. Spom MB. The war on cancer. Lancet 1996; 347: 1377-81.
21. Gayther SA, Ponder BAJ. Mutations in the BRCA1 and the
BRCA2 genes and the possibilities for predictive testing.
Mol MedToday 1997; 3: 168-74.
22. Caldas S, Ponder PAJ. Cancer genes and molecular onco-
logy in the clinic. Lancet 1997; 349/SuppI II: 16-8.
23. Easton DF, Ford D, Bishop DT. Breast cancer linkage
consortium. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA-
1 mutation carriers. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 56: 265-71.
24. Struewing JP, Hartge P, Wacholder S, Baker SM, Berlin M,
McAdams M, et al. The risk of cancer associated with
specific mutations of BRCAl and BRCA2 among Ashke-
nazi Jews. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1401-8.
25. Thorlacius S, Stmewing JP, Hartge P, Ólafsdóttir GH,
Sigvaldason H, Tryggvadóttir L, et al. A population-based
study of the risk of breast cancer in BRCA2 mutation
carriers. Lancet 1998. In press 1998.
26. Berþórsson JT, Eiríksdóttir G, Barkardóttir RB, Egilsson V,
Arason A, Ingvarsson S. Linkage analysis and allelic im-
balance in human breast cancer kindreds using microsatel-
lite markers from the short arm of chromosome 3. Hum
Genet 1995; 96: 437-43.
27. Eyfjörð JE, Thorlacius S, Steinarsdóttir M, Valgarðsdóttir
R, Ögmundsdóttir HM, Anamthawat-Jonsson K. p53 Ab-
normalities and genomic instability in primary human
breast carcinomas. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 646-51.
28. Thorlacius S, Ólafsdóttir G, Tryggvadóttir L, Neuhausen S,
Jónasson JG, Tavtigian SV, et al. A single BRCA2 mutation
in male and female breast cancer families from Iceland with
varied cancer phenotypes. Nature Genetics 1996; 13: 117-9.
29. Thorlacius S, Sigurðsson S, Bjamadóttir H, Ólafsdóttir G,
Jónasson JG, Tryggvadóttir L, et al. Study of a single
BRCA2 mutation with high carrier frequency in a small
population. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60: 1079-84.
30. Eiríksdóttir G, Barkardóttir RB, Agnarsson BA, Jóhannes-
dóttir G, Ólafsdóttir K, Egilsson V, et al. High incidence of
loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 17p 13 in breast tum-
ours from BRCA2 mutation carriers. Oncogene 1998; 16:
21-6.
31. Agnarsson BA, Jónasson JG, Bjömsdóttir IB, Barkardóttir
RB, Egilsson V, Sigurðsson H. Inherited BRCA2 mutation
associated with high grade breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res
Treat 1998; 47: 121-7.
32. Bergþórsson JT, Jóhannsdóttir J, Jónasdóttir A, Eirfksdóttir
G, Egilsson V, Ingvarsson S, et al. Chromosome imbalance
at the 3pl4 region in human breast tumour: high frequency
in patients with inherited predisposition due to BRCA2. Eur
J Cancer 1998; 34: 142-7.
33. Grétarsdóttir S, Thorlacius S, Valgarðsdóttir R, Guðlaugs-
dóttir S, Sigurðsson S, Steinarsdóttir M, et al. BRCA2 and
p53 mutations in primary breast cancer in relation to
genetic instability. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 859-62.
34. Thorlacius S, Tryggvadóttir L, Ólafsdóttir GH, Jónasson JG,
Ögmundsdóttir H, Túliníus H, et al. Linkage to BRCA2 re-
gion in hereditary male breast cancer. Lancet 1995; 346:
544-5.
35. Burt RW, Samowitz WS. The adenomatous polyp and the
hereditary polyposis syndromes. Gastroenterol Clin North
Am 1988; 17:657-78.
36. Bergthorsson JT, Egilsson V, Gudmundsson J, Arason A,
Ingvarsson S. Identification of a breast tumor with microsat-
ellite instability in a potential carrier of the hereditary non-
polyposis colon cancer trait. Clin Genet 1995; 47: 305-10.
37. Smigel K. Breast Cancer Prevention Trial shows major bene-
fit, some risks (news). J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 647-8.
38. Beardsley T. Vital Data. Sci Am 1996; 274: 76-81.
39. Liotta LA, Stetler-Stevenson WG. Principles of molecular
cell biology of cancer: cancer metastasis. Cancer: Princip-
les & practice of oncology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Co. 1993: 134-49.
40. Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MH, Moss SM,
Amar SS, Balfour TW, et al. Randomised controlled trial of
faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet
1996; 348: 1472-7.
41. Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, Jorgensen OD, Sonder-
gaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal can-
cer with faecal occult-blood test. Lancet 1996; 348: 1467-71.
42. Collins MM, Barry MJ. Controversies in prostate cancer
screening. Analogies to the early lung cancer screening
debate. JAMA 1996; 276: 1976-9.
43. Harris R, Leininger L. Clinical strategies for breast cancer
screening: weighing and using the evidence. Ann Intem
Med 1995; 122: 539-47.
44. Sidransky D. Von Eschenbach A, Tsai YC, Jones P,
Summerhayes I, Marshall F, et al. Identification of p53 gene
mutations in bladder cancers and urine samples. Science
1991; 252: 706-9.
45. Sidransky D, TokinoT, Hamilton SR, Kinzler KW, Levin B,
Frost P, et al. Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the
stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors. Science
1992; 256: 102-5.
46. Caldas C, Hahn SA, Hruban RH, Redston MS, YEO CJ,
Kem SE. Detection of K-ras mutations in the stool of
patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic
ductal hyperplasia. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 3568-73.
47. Amar DÓ, Theodors A, Isaksson HJ, Gunnlaugsson GH,
Tulinius H, Johannsson H, et al. Cancer of the pancreas in
Iceland. An epidemiologic and clinical study, 1974-85.
Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 26: 724-30.
48. Tobi M, Luo FC, Ronai Z. Detection of K-ras mutations in
colonic effluent samples from patient without evidence of
colorectal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 6: 955-6.
49. Dupont W, Page D. Risk factors for breast cancer in women
with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 1985; 312:
146-51.
50. Dupont WD, Page DL, Parl FF, Vnencak-Jones CL, Plum-
mer WD Jr., Rados MS, et al. Long-term risk of breast cancer
in women with fibroadenoma. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 10-5.
51. Millikan R, Hulka B, Thor A, Zhang Y, Edgerton S, Zhang
X, et al. p53 mutations in benign breast tissue. J Clin Oncol;
13: 2293-300.
52. Guðlaugsdóttir S, Valgarðsdóttir R, Grétarsdóttir S, Sigurð-
ardóttir V, Snorradóttir M, Eyfjörð J. Rannsókn á breyting-
um á erfðaefni í stungusýnum úr brjóstaæxlum. I: Ágrip
erinda og veggspjalda á annarri ráðstefnu Samtaka um