Læknablaðið

Volume

Læknablaðið - 15.04.2007, Page 27

Læknablaðið - 15.04.2007, Page 27
FRÆÐIGREINAR / NÝRNAFRUMUKRABBAMEIN Tafla VII. TNM-stigunarkerfi (ensk útgáfa) fyrir nýrnafrumukrabbamein (1997) (66) með stigunarhópum (l-IV) samkvæmt skilgreiningu American Joint Committee on Cancer (67). Primary Tumor (T) TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed TO No evidence of primary tumor T1 Tumor 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney Tla Tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney Tlb Tumor more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney T2 Tumor more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney T3 Tumor extends into major veins or invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues but not beyond Gerota’s fascia T3a Tumor directly invades adrenal gland or perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia T3b Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or vena cava below the diaphragm T3c Tumor grossly extends into vena cava above diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava T4 Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia Regional Lymph Nodes (N)* NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed NO No regional lymph node metastases N1 Metastases ina single regional lymph node N2 Metastases in more than one regional lymph node * laterality does not affe'ct the N classification. Distant Metastasis (M) MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed MO No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis STAGE GROUPING Stage 1 T1 NO MO Stage II T2 NO MO Stage III T1 N1 MO T2 N1 MO T3 NO MO T3 N1 MO T3a NO MO T3a N1 MO T3b NO MO T3b N1 MO T3c NO MO T3c N1 MO Stage IV T4 N0 MO T4 N1 MO Any T N2 MO Any T Any N M1 um miðlínuskurð. Nýrað er fjarlægt ásamt fitunni umhverfis og Gerotasfelli. Umdeilt er hvort alltaf eigi að fjarlægja eitla kringum nýrað og nýrnahett- ur (76). Brottnám eitla getur veitt upplýsingar til stigunar sjúkdómsins en lækningagildi þess er umdeilt (77). Hins vegar eru eitlar fjarlægðir ef þeir reynast stækkaðir eða harðir við þreifingu í aðgerð. Nýrnahettur sömu megin og æxlið eru oft- ast fjarlægðar og alltaf ef æxlið liggur nálægt eða grunur er um meinvörp í þeim. Nýjar rannsóknir benda hins vegar til þess að óhætt sé að skilja eftir nýrnahettur ef um er að ræða tiltölulega lítil æxli Læknablaðið 2007/93 291
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