Ráðunautafundur


Ráðunautafundur - 15.02.2000, Page 262

Ráðunautafundur - 15.02.2000, Page 262
254 Bragóefni Rokgjömu efnin úr fitunni sem hafa áhrif á bragð og lykt af lambakjöti voru einungis mæld í lömbunum úr íyrri hluta tilraunarinnar. Efnin sem hafa greinst em flokkuð í nokkra hópa eftir efnafræðilegri byggingu þeirra, en þau eru: aldehýð (n=20), ketónar (n=20), alkanar og alk- enar (n=13), fitusýmr (n=10), bensenhydrókarbónar (n=10), terpenar (n=6), laktónar (n=3), köfnunarefnisambönd (n=3), furan (n=2), súlfursambönd (n=2) og einn pyrazinhópur. Tíu önnur efni vom ógreind. Greinóttar fitusýrur 4-metýl oktansýra og 4-metýl nonansýra, sem em talin valda ullarlykt/-bragði, vom ekki mælanleg í neinum sýnum, en það kemur ekki á óvart þegar aldur dýranna er skoðaður, því að hrútlömbin era öll innan við 5 mánaða aldur við slátrun og eldri lömb vom annað hvort geldir hrútar eða gimbrar. Ahrif fóðurs á tilvist og magn bragðefna vom greinileg í 47 bragðefnum af 114. Þegar niðurstöðumar em settar í höfuðþáttagreiningu (PCA) var góður aðskilnaður á lömbum sem fengu gras og kjamfóður. Einnig tókst að fá fram mun á flestum mjólkurlömbum, en nokkur þeirra flokkuðust þó með lömbum sem fengu kjamfóður. Þessar niðurstöður sýna að mismun- andi vaxtarskilyrði lamba hafði lítil áhrif á bragðefnamyndun í lambafitu, en aftur á móti var gerð fóðurs afgerandi þáttur við að flokka lömb effir bragðefnum (Berdagué o.fl. 1999). Efnafrcedileg fingraför Rökgjömu efnin úr fitusýnum lambanna úr fyrri hluta tilraunar vom mæld með aðferð sem kallast pyrolysis - mass spectormetry. Niðurstöður vom notaðar til að flokka lömb eftir fóðurmeðferð með því að bera saman svokölluð fingraför efnanna fyrir hvert sýni. Aðferðin lofar góðu þar sem tókst að spá rétt fyrir um 92% sýnanna. HEIMILDIR Aro, A., Antoine, J.M., Pizzoferrato, L., Reykdal, Ó & van Poppel, G. 1998. Trans fatty acids in dairy and meat products ffom 14 European countries: The TRANSFAIR study. Journal of Food Composiíion and Analysis 11\ 150-160. Berdagué, J.L., Berge, P., Dransfield, E., Laville, E. & Sebastian, I. 1998. Individual Progress Report, Year 2, 01-01 to 31-12-1998. Dransfield, Eric 1994. Tendemess of Meat, Poultiy and Fish. í: Ouality Attributes and their Measurement in Meat, Poultry and Fish Products (ritstj. Pearson, A..M. & Dutson, T.R.). Guöjón Þorkelsson, Ylva Bergqvist, Kerstin Lundström & Rósa Jónsdóttir 1996. Fatty acid composition of M. longissimus dorsi of different fat grades of Icelandic lamb. „ Meat for the consumer“ - 42"J ICoMST, 224. Guðrún V. Skúladóttir & Stefán Sch. Thorsteinsson 1996. Omega-3 fitusvrur í íslensku sauðfé. Freyr 6:238-242,237. Laufey Steingrímsdóttir & Ólafur Reykdal. Herta fitan og hollustan. Heilbrigðismál 2/1999: 24—27. Lepetit, J. and Culioli, J. 1994. Mechanical properties of meat. Meat Science 36, 203-237. Pardos, J.F. 1999. Individual Progress Report, Year 3, 01-01 to 31-12-1999. Rao, W.V., Gault, N.F.S. & Kennedy, S. 1989. Effect of altered meat pH on sarcomere length, fibre diameter and connective tissue morphology in some fore-quarter muscles of beef. Meat Science 26: 19-37. Sanudo, C., Sierra, I., Sánchez, A., Alfonso, M., Pardos, J.J., Delfa, R., Olleta, J.L., Sipán, A.G. & Sebastian, I., Viallon, C., Toumayre, P., Berge, P. & Berdagué, J.-L. 1999. Pyrolysis - mass spectrometry characterisation of ovine fat tissues according to diet. Report. INRA de Theix, France. Shackleford, S.D., Morgan, J.B., Cross, H.R. & Savell, J.W. 1991. J. Muscle Foods, 289. Smulders, F.J.M., van Lack, R.L.J.M. & Eikelenbloom, G. 1991. í: The European meat industry in the 1990s (ritstj. Smulders, J.F.M.). Audet Tijdschriften bv, Nijmegen, Holland: 121. Wamer, K.F. 1928. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod. 21: 114. Young, O.A., Berdague, J.-L., Viallon, C., Rousset-Akrim, S. & Theriez, M. 1997. Fat-bome volatiles and sheepmeat odour. MeatScience 45(2): 183-200.
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