Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.2021, Page 149

• dýflissa – myrkvastofa (Elucidarius, ed. Scherabon Firchow and Grimstad
1989:25, 30)
p. 30 (normalized, various MSS)
Braut vas hann rekenn ór konongshollo ok settr í dýflizo […].
Lat. De palatio est propulsus et in carcerem est retrusus […].
p. 25 (normalized, various MSS)
[…] síðan gerðe hann myrkvastofo þat es heim þenna […].
Lat. [Primo igitur Deus … constituit sibi praeclarum palatium …] deinde
carcerem, id est hunc mundum […].

3.3 Explicative insertions
An explicative insertion is the occurrence of a native word in an explanatory
clause which directly follows a loanword. The opposite case is also attested, but
it appears to be exceedingly rare. Both cases are given hereafter:
• diphthongus – tvíhljóðr (Third Grammatical Treatise, ed. Björn M. Ólsen
1884:47, lines 29–30, normalized, various MSS)
[…] ok kalla Girkir þann staf diphthongon, þat er tvíhljóðr á norrœna tungu
[…].
• Hierusalem – Jórsalaborg (Elucidarius, ed. Scherabon Firchow and
Grimstad 1989:128, line 10, AM 544 4to)
[…] iorsala borg. þat er iherusalem […].

3.4 Synonymic dittologies
A synonymic dittology is the occurrence of two synonyms by means of the coor-
dinative conjunction and (OIcel./Icel. ok/og) or the disjunctive/explanatory con-
junction or (OIcel./Icel. eð(u)r/eða) in its explanatory meaning. E.g.:
• articulus – grein (Islandske originaldiplomer, ed. Stefán Karlsson 1963, nr.
119, line 13)
[…] med sinum græinum ok articulis sem her er med fest þesso mino brefui […].

4. General Results
In total, there were found 267 synonymic word pairs across 41 semantic fields,
36 for nouns and adjectives and five for verbs.8 Examples include the following:
Loanwords and native words in Old and Middle Icelandic 149
8 Nouns and adjectives: 1 Arts and Crafts, 2 Astronomical Terminology, 3 Buildings
and Materials, 4 Chivalric Activities, 5 Christian Liturgy, 6 Christian Narration, 7 Food
and Beverages, 8 Garments and Equipments, 9 General Religious Terminology, 10
Geographic Names, 11 Geographic Terminology, 12 Grammatical Terminology, 13
Humans and Human-like Creatures, 14 Learning, 15 Legal Terminology, 16 Mathematical
and Geometric Terminology, 17 Medical Terminology, 18 Money, 19 Mythological
Creatures, 20 Nature-related Terminology, 21 Offensive Deeds and Punishments, 22