Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 05.01.2015, Blaðsíða 50

X V I I V Í S I N D A R Á Ð S T E F N A H Í
F Y L G I R I T 8 2
50 LÆKNAblaðið/Fylgirit 82 2015/101
og fannst mikilvægt að geta haft áhrif á hvað væri í matinn. Jafnframt
kvörtuðu þau yfir löngum biðröðum og að of lítill tími væri gefinn til
að matast.
Ályktanir: Börnin eru notendur skólamötuneytanna og því er mikilvægt
að hlusta á raddir þeirra í áframhaldandi þróun skólamötuneyta og
styðja þannig við heilsu og vellíðan.
E 136 Mental health effects of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption:
A population-based study
Ólöf Sunna Gissurardóttir1, Guðrún Pétursdóttir2, Edda Björk Þórðardóttir1, Arna
Hauksdóttir1
1Centre of Public health Sciences, University of Iceland, 2Institute for Sustainability Studies
osg6@hi.is
Introduction: In April 2010, the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Southern
Iceland erupted, directly affecting more than 2000 residents of the area
closest to the volcano. The general aim of this study is to examine the
mental health effects of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption on nearby
residents.
Methods and data: This study was conducted 6-9 months after the
Eyjafjallajökull eruption in 2010 on 1146 individuals from the exposed
area and 510 individuals from a non exposed area who answered a ques-
tionnaire in fall 2010. Mental health was assessed with three psycho-
metric scales: General Health Questionnaire 12 item version (GHQ-12),
Perceived stress scale 4 item version (PSS-4) and Primary care PTSD
(PC-PTSD). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to evaluate odds
ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health by level
of exposure.
Results: Compared with the control group, high exposed participants
had an overall increased risk of experiencing mental distress (OR 1.39;
95% CI 1.06 to 1.83. When comparing two exposed groups with regard
to PTSD symptoms, the high exposure group had significantly increased
risk of PTSD symptoms (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.16 to 12.11). Findings also
show that being directly exposed (e.g. property damage, feeling insec-
ure as a result of the eruption, seeing volcano from home), had increased
risk of psychological morbidity.
Conclusions: In our 6-9 month follow-up of residents exposed to the
Eyjafjallajokull volcanic eruption, high exposure was strongly associa-
ted with an increase in mental distress compared to the control group.
Future studies should thus aim at investigating long-term effects.
E 137 BMP9/ALK1 boðleiðin ýtir undir æðaþelssérhæfingu
stofnfrumna úr fósturvísum manna
Anne Richter, Svala H. Magnús, Jóhann F. Rúnarsson, Guðrún Valdimarsdóttir
Lífefna- og sameindalíffræðistofu, læknadeild Háskóla Íslands,
gudrunva@hi.is
Inngangur: Knockout músatilraunir hafa sýnt fram á nauðsyn
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) fjölskyldunnar í þroskun
hjarta- og æðakerfis. Stofnfrumur úr fósturvísum manna (hES frumur)
eru gott líkan til að skoða sameindafræðilega ferla í fósturþroskun
manna og orsakir æðasjúkdóma. TGFbeta viðtakinn ALK1 er sértækur
fyrir æðaþelsfrumur. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 (BMP9) tilheyrir
TGFbeta fjölskyldunni og binst ALK1 með hárri sækni en niðurstöður
hafa bæði sýnt jákvæð/neikvæð áhrif BMP9 á æðamyndun (angioge-
nesis) í æðaþelsfrumum. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að athuga áhrif
BMP9 vaxtarþáttarins á æðaþelssérhæfingu hES fruma.
Efniviður og aðferðir: hES frumur voru sérhæfðar í æðaþelsfrumur
með nýrri aðferð sem eykur miðlagssérhæfingu í upphafi. Frumur voru
ræktaðar sem einþekja þegar meta átti gena- og próteintjáningu (qPCR/
WB) eða myndaðar frumukúlur (embryoid bodies) sem voru steyptar í
kollagengel þegar meta átti sprotavöxt æðaþelsfrumna og ónæmislitanir
framkvæmdar samhliða.
Niðurstöður: BMP9 ýtir sterklega undir æðaþelssérhæfingu hES fruma
og sprotavöxt út frá hES frumukúlum með virkjun á Smad1/5/8 og Id1
tjáningu. Hlutdeild ALK1 var athuguð með anti-hALK1 mótefni [PF-
03446962]. Í ljós kom að BMP9 örvaður sprotavöxtur æðaþelsfrumna var
hindraður með anti-hALK1.
Ályktanir: Við höfum notað hES frumur sem líkan til að líkja eftir
þroskun æðaþels í mönnum. Við sýnum fram á að BMP9 stuðlar að
æðaþelssérhæfingu hES frumna og sprotavexti út frá hES frumukúlum.
BMP9 kemur þessum áhrifum áleiðis í gegnum ALK1 viðtakann sem
virkjar Smad1/5/8 og eykur Id1 tjáningu. Við vonum að niðurstöður
okkar geti leitt til nýrra lyfja fyrir sjúklinga sem þjást af æðasjúkdómum
og jafnvel að koma í veg fyrir æðamyndun tengdri æxlisvexti.
E 138 HER2 induced EMT and tumorigenicity in breast epithelial
stem cells is inhibited by co-expression of EGFR
Sævar Ingþórsson1,2, Kristin Andersen3, Bylgja Hilmarsdottir1,2, Gunhild
Maelandsmo3, Magnús K. Magnússon1,2,4, Þórarinn Guðjónsson1,2
1Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland,
2Department of Laboratory Haematology, Landspítali University Hospital, 3Department of
Tumor Biology, Institute for cancer research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 4Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
saevari@hi.is
Introduction: The members of the EGFR kinase family are important
players in breast morphogenesis and cancer. HER2 and EGFR express-
ion has been shown to have prognostic value in certain subtypes of
breast cancer such as, HER2- amplified, basal-like, and luminal type
B. These subtypes are highly metastatic and enriched with cancer stem
cells.
Methods and data: D492 is a breast epithelial cell line with stem cell
properties that generates luminal- and myoepithelial cells and forms
elaborate branching structures in 3D culture. Methods used in this study
include westen blotting, immunofluorescence three-dimensional cell
culture and Real-Time PCR.
Results: Here, we show that overexpression of HER2 in D492 (D492HER2)
results in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as evidenced by
reduced expression of E-cadherin and keratins, gain of the mesenchy-
mal markers such as N-cadherin and AXL and formation of grape or
spindle-like structures in 3D culture. In contrast, overexpression of
EGFR in D492 (D492EGFR) drives differentiation towards myoepithelial
phenotype. When EGFR is overexpressed in D492HER2(D492HER2/EGFR),
cells retain their EMT phenotype in monolayer culture. In contrast, in
3D culture,D492HER2/EGFRcells are reverted towards epithelial differen-
tiation. When cells were injected into nude mice, D492HER2cells formed
large tumors. In contrast D492HER2/EGFRcells formed smaller tumors with
phenotype similar to cells in 3D culture. Conclusions: Our data indicate
that in HER2 overexpressing D492 cells, EGFR can behave as a tumor
suppressor, by maintaining epithelial differentiation.