Ritið : tímarit Hugvísindastofnunar - 01.05.2016, Page 55

Ritið : tímarit Hugvísindastofnunar - 01.05.2016, Page 55
54 þessa umræðu varpar ljósi á margræðni hlutgervingarhugtaksins og setur fram þá kenningu að hlutgerving sé forsenda unaðslegs kynlífs. Í greininni er spurt hvort hlutgerving sé ætíð af hinu illa eða hvort megi réttlæta hana í vissu samhengi. Rýnt er í skoðanir bæði róttækra og frjálslyndra femínista frá þessum tíma og skoðunum hinna fyrrnefndu hafnað á grundvelli þess að þær alhæfi um of og byggi ekki á gagn- reyndri þekkingu. Því er haldið fram að enn eimi eftir af neikvæðum viðhorfum til kynlífs meðal femínista, svipuðum þeim sem litað hafa vestræna, kristna menningu um aldir. Kynlífssviðið er talið hættulegt konum og kynlíf sérstaklega skaðlegt. Þessari afstöðu er hafnað en tekið undir með frjálslyndari femínistum sem benda á mikilvægi þess að fjalla um kynlíf kvenna í jákvæðara ljósi og undirstrika sjálfræði og frelsi þeirra til að hlutast til um eigin líf, einnig á vettvangi kynlífs. Lykilorð: kynferðisleg hlutgerving, klám, immanúel Kant, róttækir femínistar, frjáls- lyndir femínistar A B S T R A C T Objectification, human sexuality and pornography During the 8th and 9th decade of last century an intense feminist debate took place in which radical feminists criticized sexual objectification in pornography for being a form of forced sex, a practice of sexual politics and an institution of gender ine- quality. Liberal feminists objected to such interpretation, arguing that it was both implausible and extreme. The philosopher Martha Nussbaum who has reviewed this debate highlights the ambiguity of the concept of objectification and puts for- ward the hypothesis that objectification is a prerequisite to delightful sex. The ar- ticle asks whether objectification must always be morally evil or whether it can be justified in certain contexts. Radical and liberal feminist views from this period are examined and the former rejected on the basis that they are too extreme and not grounded in evidenced-based knowledge. it is argued that negative attitudes toward human sexuality have characterized Western culture for centuries, and that traces of these can be found in radical feminist discourse which describes the sexual domain as both problematic and dangerous for women. This view is rejected and the more liberal view embraced which interprets women´s sexuality more positively, stressing autonomy, freedom and agency, also in the sexual sphere. Key words: sexual objectification, pornography, immanuel Kant, radical feminists, liberal feminists SÓLvEiG ANNA BÓASDÓTTiR
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