Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 05.01.2015, Síða 43

X V I I V Í S I N D A R Á Ð S T E F N A H Í
F Y L G I R I T 8 2
LÆKNAblaðið/Fylgirit 82 2015/101 43
toxicity. In this model there is an upregulation of proteolysis, suggesting
that the mutant protein leads to increase in proteolysis as a defense
mechanisms.
E 113 Residence in early life and risk of breast cancer
Álfheiður Haraldsdóttir1,2, Jóhanna Eyrún Torfadóttir1,2, Unnur A.
Valdimarsdóttir1,3, Thor Aspelund1,4, Laufey Tryggvadóttir5,6, Vilmundur
Guðnason4,6, Laufey Steingrímsdóttir2
1Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 2Unit for
Nutrition Research, Faculty for Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 3Department
of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 4The Icelandic Heart Association, 5The
Icelandic Cancer Registry, 6Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland
alh1@hi.is
Introduction: During the first half of the 20th century, considerable
differences existed in food choice between residential areas in Iceland.
Our aim was to explore the effect of residence during early life, including
the period when the mammary gland is undergoing rapid development
in puberty, on the risk of breast cancer later in life.
Methods and data: We used data from the Reykjavik Study, a popula-
tion-based Icelandic cohort of 10049 women born between 1907 and
1935, all residing in the capital area in 1967. Participants provided in-
formation on residence (capital area, coastal village or rural area) in
early life. By linkage with the Icelandic Cancer Registry, information
on breast cancer diagnoses was available throughout 2013. Adjustments
were made for age, education, body mass index, menarche age, number
of total pregnancies and age at first childbirth. For statistical analysis,
we used Cox proportional hazard regression models to analyze the risk
of breast cancer in women raised in capital area, compared with women
raised in coastal villages and rural areas.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 27.3 years, 744 women were di-
agnosed with breast cancer. We found that women who were born 1921-
1935, and raised in a coastal village (mean duration of residence 20.3
years) had 23% less risk developing breast cancer (hazard ratio = 0.77
95% CI: 0.60 - 0.97), compared with early residence in the capital area.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that being raised in a coastal village
during adolescence may be associated with reduced risk of breast
cancer.
E 114 Long-term health effects following the Eyjafjallajökull
volcanic eruption: A follow-up study
Heiðrún Hlöðversdóttir1,Guðrún Pétursdóttir2, Arna Hauksdóttir1
1Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 2Institute for Sustainability Studies and
Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland
heh28@hi.is
Introduction: It is estimated that at least 500 million people live within
the potential exposure range of a historically active volcano. Studies on
long-term effects of volcanic eruptions on health are limited. We aimed
to examine the association between a long-term exposure to volcanic ash
and physical and mental health.
Methods and data: The study design is a longitudinal population-based
cohort of individuals exposed to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption and an
unexposed reference group from Skagafjörður. Participants answered a
questionnaire in 2010 and again in 2013, on physical and psychological
symptoms. Logistic regression was used to examine the association
between the time after the volcanic eruption in the exposed region in
2013 and 2010 as the reference category, and physical and psychological
symptoms.
Results: Preliminary results indicate that likelihood of having symp-
toms during the last month was higher in the exposed group in 2013
compared to 2010. Phlegm (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.10 to 3.25), skin rash/
eczema (OR 3.10; 95% CI 1.63 to 6.18) and myalgia (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.02
to 2.40). During the last 12 months these respiratory symptoms were
likelier in the exposed group in 2013; morning winter phlegm (OR 2.20;
95% CI 1.38 to 3.53), nocturnal or daytime winter phlegm (OR 1.82; 95%
CI 1.03 to 3.27) and allergic rhinitis (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.84).
Conclusions: Preliminary results imply long-term respiratory health
effects after the eruption in Eyjafjallajökull. Ongoing data analysis will
also focus on differences in groups by level of exposure, and effects on
psychological health.
E 115 Dánartíðni vegna krabbameina og annarra dánarmeina meðal
notenda jarðhitavatns: Lýðgrunduð hóprannsókn
Aðalbjörg Kristbjörnsdóttir1, Vilhjálmur Rafnsson2
1Miðstöð í lýðheilsuvísindum Háskóla Íslands, 2rannsóknastofu í heilbrigðisfræði, læknadeild
addab@simnet.is
Inngangur: Fyrri rannsóknir á íbúum á háhitasvæðum og jarðhitaveitu-
svæðum hafa sýnt aukna áhættu á brjóstakrabbameini, blöðruhálskirt-
ilskrabbameini, nýrnakrabbameini og eitilæxlum öðrum en Hodgkin’s.
Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að greina hvort þessi aukna áhætta
endurspeglist einnig í dánarmeinum á meðal íbúa sem nota jarðhitavatn
til húshitunar, þvotta og baða.
Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknarhópurinn voru einstaklingar á aldr-
inum 5-64 ára úr manntalinu frá 1981 og þeim var fylgt eftir frá 1981
til 2009. Allar samkeyrslur gagna voru byggðar á kennitölum. Útsetti
hópurinn voru einstaklingar, búsettir í manntali á svæðum þar sem
jarðhitavatn hefur verið notað síðan fyrir 1972 og aldur berggrunns er
yngri en 0,8 milljón ára. Samanburðarhópar voru valdir eftir mismun-
andi aldri berggrunns. Hættuhlutfall (HR) og 95% öryggismörk (CI)
voru reiknuð þar sem leiðrétt var fyrir aldri, kyni, menntun, húsnæði,
barneignum og reykingum.
Niðurstöður: Á meðal útsetta hópsins var HR fyrir öll dánarmein 0,98
(95%CI 0,91-1,05) í samanburði við köld svæði (berggrunnur eldri en
3,3 miljón ár). HR fyrir krabbamein í brjósti var 1,53 (95%CI 1,04-2,24),
blöðruhálskirtli 1,74 (95%CI 1,21-2,52), nýrum 1,78 (95%CI 1,03-3,07) og
eitilæxlum öðrum en Hodgkin’s 2,01 (95%CI 1,05-3,38). HR fyrir inflú-
ensu var 3,36 (95%CI 1,32-8,58) og fyrir sjálfsvíg 1,49 (95%CI 1,03-2,17).
Ályktanir: Aukningin á hættu að deyja vegna krabbameins í brjóstum,
blöðruhálskirtli og nýrum, og eitilæxla annarra en Hodgkin’s stað-
festir niðurstöður fyrri nýgengisrannsókna meðal íbúa háhitasvæða og
notenda jarðhitavatns. Áhættan er því ekki einungis bundin við krabba-
mein með góðar horfur heldur varðar einnig banvæn krabbamein.
Frekari rannsókna er þörf á efna- og eðlisfræðilegum þáttum jarðhita-
vatns og umhverfisþáttum tengdum svæðunum.