Ritið : tímarit Hugvísindastofnunar - 01.01.2013, Page 164

Ritið : tímarit Hugvísindastofnunar - 01.01.2013, Page 164
164 Ú D R Á T T U R Hin heilaga fortíð Söguvitund og sameiginlegt minni í handritunum Hauksbók og AM 226 fol. Söguskoðun er nátengd sameiginlegum minningum og sjálfsmynd tiltekins hóps. Í þessari grein er ætlunin að greina sjálfsmynd Íslendinga sem hluta af alþjóðlegu samfélagi kristinna manna á hámiðöldum (um 1100–1350). Sjónum er beint að ritum um veraldarsögu en þau varðveittu sameiginlegar minningar kristinna manna sem hóps, eins og þær minningar voru skilgreindar af orðræðusamfélagi kristinna menntamanna á Íslandi og um allan hinn kristna heim. Fyrstu íslensku ritin um veraldarsögu eru frá fyrri hluta 12. aldar og tengjast upphafi sagnaritunar um Ís- landssögu. Þessi rit voru knöpp og höfðu fyrst og fremst þann tilgang að skapa ramma utan um sögulega þróun. Þessi rammi varð svo hluti af viðtekinni þekkingu íslenskra sagnaritara á fortíðinni. Í handritinu AM 226 fol. frá miðri 14. öld er öll veraldarsagan dregin saman í einu handriti með viðbótarefni um sögu Alexanders mikla, Gyðinga og Rómverja. Sumt vantar þó í þetta handrit og var það efni sem féll ankannalega að heimsaldrafræðum, Trójumanna saga og Breta sögur. Þetta eru hins vegar þau sagnarit sem Haukur Erlendsson kaus að hafa með í Hauksbók, yfirgrips- miklu riti sem samið var í upphafi 14. aldar. Þannig tengdi Haukur Íslandssögu sína (Landnámabók og Kristni sögu) við veraldarsöguna. Um miðja 14. öld var ver- aldarsagan komin í þann búning sem hún birtist Íslendingum í margar aldir. Lykilorð: Sameiginlegt minni, söguvitund, sjálfsmyndir, veraldarsaga, textafræði, handritarannsóknir A B S T R A C T The Sacred Past Social memory and historical knowledge production in the manuscripts Hauksbók and AM 226 fol. The subject of this study is historical discourse as an integral part of the collective memory and identities of Icelanders as a part of a wider community of Christian peoples in the High Middle Ages (c. 1100–1350). The part of this discourse which is discussed here are works pertaining to world history, which preserved the col- lective memory of Christians as a group, and defined the historical discourse of the clerical elite in Icelandic society. These works were often succinct but they offered a frame work for the interpretation of all historical development and a common base of knowledge for Icelandic medieval historiographers. Two manuscripts are studied as examples of the diverse strand of Icelandic 14th century historiography, Hauksbók (c. 1302–1310) and AM 226 fol. (c. 1350). In the production of such works, world hi- story was provided with the form and scope it was to retain in Iceland for centuries. Keywords: Collective memory, historical consciousness, identities, textual culture, manuscript studies sVeRRiR JaKobsson
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