Læknablaðið - 15.02.2001, Qupperneq 28

FRÆÐIGREINAR / BARNALÆKNISFRÆÐI
obesity. Adv Pediatr 1988; 35: 73-137.
13. Steffens AB, Strubbe JH, Balkan B, Scheuring JW.
Neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in regulation of body
weight, food intake and metabolism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev
1990; 14:305-13.
14. Flier JS. The adipocyte: storage depot or node on the energy
information superhighway? Cell 1995; 80:15-8.
15. Friedman MI, Tordoff MG, Ramirez I. Intergrated metabolic
control of food intake. Brain Res Bull 1986; 17: 855-9.
16. Geary N. Role of gut peptides in meal regulation. In: Weston
LA, Savage LM, eds. Obesity: advances in understanding and
treatment. Southborough, Mass: International Business
Communications; 1996:2.1.1.-2.1.34.
17. Figlewicz DP, Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ, Chavez M, Baskin
DG, Woods SC, et al. Endocrine regulation of food intake and
body weight. J Lab Clin Med 1996; 127: 328-32.
18. Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. A neuroendocrine reappraisal of the
dual-centre hypothesis: its implications for obesity and insulin
resistance. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19: 517-53.
19. Leibel RL, Berry EM, Hirsch J. Metabolic and hemodynamic
responces to endogenous and exogenous catecholamines in
formerly obese subjects. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: R785-R791.
20. Landsberg L, Young JB. The role of the sympathoadrenal
system in modulating energy expenditure. Clin Endocrinol
Metab 1984; 13: 475-99.
21. Aarone LJ, Mackintosh R, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Hirsch
J. Autonomic nervous system activity and energy expenditure
during weight gain and weight loss. Am J Physiol 1995; 269:
R222-R225.
22. Bodurtha JN, Mosteller M, Hewitt JK, Nance WE, Eaves LJ,
Moskowitz WB, et al. Genetic analysis of anthropometric
measures in 11-year-old twins: The Medical College of Viginia
Twin Study. Pediatr Res 1990; 28: 1-4.
23. Börjeson M. The aetiology of obesity in children. Acta
Paediatr Scand 1976; 65: 279-87.
24. Brook CG, Huntley RMC, Slack J. Influence of heredity and
environment in determination of skinfold thickness in
children. BMJ 1975; 28: 719-21.
25. Fabsitz RR, Carmelli D, Hewitt JK. Evidence for independent
genetic influences on obesity in middle age. Int J Obes 1992;
16: 657-66.
26. Zhang Y, Proenca R. Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L,
Friedman JM. Poitional cloning of the mouse obese gene and
its human homologue [erratum, Nature 1995; 374: 479].
Nature 1994; 372: 425-32.
27. Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ, Nyce MR, Magosin
SA, Bauer TL, et al. Evidence against either a premature stop
codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity.
J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2986-8.
28. Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ, Nyce MR, Zhang P,
Opentanova I, et al. Mutation screening and identification of a
sequence variation in the human ob gene coding region.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 220: 735-9.
29. Tontonoz P, Erding H, Graves RA, Budavari AI, Spiegelman
BM. mPPARy2: tissue specific regulator of an adipocyte
enhancer. Genes Dev 1994; 8:1224-34.
30. Zhu Y, Qi C, Korenberg JR, Chen XN, Noya D, Sambasiva
Rao M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 7921-5
31. Greene ME, Blumberg B, McBride OW, Yi HF, Kronpuist K,
Kwan K, et al. Isolation of the human peroxisome proliferator
activated receptor gamma cDNA: expression in hematopoietic
cells and chromosomal mapping. Gen Expr 1995; 4: 281-99.
32. Beamer BA, Negri C, Yen C-J, Gavrilova O, Rumberger JM,
Durcan MJ, et al. Chromosomal localization and partial
genomic structure of the human peroxisome proliferator
activated receptor gamma (hPPAR-gamma) gene. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233: 756-9.
33. Fajas L, Auboeuf D, Raspe E, Schoonjans K, Lefebvre AM,
Saladin R, et al. The organization, promoter analysis and
expression of the human PPARygene. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:
18779-89
34. Elbrecht A, Chen Y, Cullinan CA, Hayes N, Leibowitz MD,
Moller DE, et al. Molecular cloning, expression and
characterization of human peroxisome proliferator activated
receptors gamma-1 and gamma-2. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 1996; 224:431-7.
35. Spiegelman BM, Flier JS. Adipogenesis: rounding out the big
picture. Cell 1996; 87:377-9.
36. Latruffe N, Vamecq J. Peroxisome proliferators and
peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as
regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie 1997; 79: 81-94.
37. Tontonoz P, Hu E, Spiegelman BM. Stimulation of
adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPARy2, a lipid-activated
trascription factor. Cell 1994; 79:1147-56.
38. Lehmann JM, Moore LB, Smith-Oliver TA, Wilkinson WO,
Willson TM, Kliewer SA. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is
a high affinty ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor gamma (PPARy). J Biol Chem 1995; 270:12953-6.
39. Kliewer SA, Lenhard JM, Willson TM, Patel I, Morris DC,
Lehmann JM. A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor y and promotes
adipocyte differentiation. Cell 1995; 83: 813-9.
40. Hu E, Kim JB, Sarraf P, Spiegelman BM. Inhibition of
adipogenesis through MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation
of PPARy. Science 1996; 274: 2100-3.
41. Adams M, Reginato MJ, Shao DL, Lazar MA, Chatterjee VK.
Transcriptional activation by peroxisome proliferator -
activated receptor gamma is inhibitated by phoshorylation at a
consensus mitogen-activated protein kinase site. J Biol Chem
1997; 272: 5128-32.
42. Ristow M, Muller-Wieland D, Pfeiffer A, Krone W, Kahn CR.
Obesity associated with a mutation in a genetic regulator of
adipocyte differentiation. N Eng J Med 1998; 339; 953-9.
43. Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TI, Hanis C, Teasdale TW,
Chakraborty R, Schull WJ, et al. An adoption study of human
obesity. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:193-8.
44. Yen CJ, Beamer BA, Negri C, Silver K, Brown KA, Yarnall
DP, et al. Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome
proliferator activated receptor gamma gene in diabetic
Caucasians: identifications of a Prol2AIa PPARy2 missense
mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 241: 270-4.
45. Deeb SS, Fajas L, Nemoto M, Pihlajamaki J, Mykkanen L,
Kuusisto J, et al. A Prol2ala substitution in PPARy2 associated
with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and
improved insulin sensitivity. Nature Genet 1998; 20: 284-7.
124 Læknablaðið 2001/87