Le Nord : revue internationale des Pays de Nord - 01.06.1944, Qupperneq 91

SWEDISH EXCAVATIONS
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saorea plain. The stratigraphic purpose was gained, but at the
same time a house with an exceedingly interesting plan was ex-
cavated. The Kalopsida house from the period about 1600 B. C.
is probably the oldest known instance of the large architectural
group which in later periods by an Arabic word is named Liwan
Architecture. The house consists of a central quadrangular small
courtyard surrounded by rooms. On one side is the so-called
liwan, i. e. a room closed on three sides and opening on the
courtyard. This architectural form, which has played an exceed-
ingly great role, and which is here met with for the first time,
we shall come across repeatedly in what follows, particularly in
connexion with Cypriote temple architecture.
Ajios Jakovos,31 Milia,35 Enkomi30 A problem which has long
been discussed and on which many different views have been
advanced in scientific literature, is that of the Greek-Mycenaean
expansion towards the east and at what time Cyprus was colo-
nized by these elements. In several places in Western Asia Minor,
in Syria, Palestina, Egypt, and Cyprus, Mycenaean factories with
a brisk trade have been demonstrated. Certain scholars have
maintained that e. g. in Cyprus an actual colonization started
as early as soon after 1400 B. C., whereas others hold that we
can only talk of a colonization in connexion with the decline of
Mycenaean culture about 1100 B. C., and that the Mycenaean
pottery found copiously from the period 1400—1200 B. C. must
have been imported to the island. In order to investigate these
periods a large number of tombs at Ajios Jakovos, Milia, and
Enkomi in Eastern Cyprus were excavated. All these excavations
showed that no Greek-Mycenaean form of tomb occurs, whereas
beside the Old Cypriote forms there is a connexion with types
from Southern Palestine (Ajios Jakovos and Milia). Only about
1100 the Mycenaean types of tombs make their appearance, viz.
in the necropolis at Kastros in Lapithos, to be further mentioned
below. This result, i. e. the view that Greek colonization only
starts about 1100, was corroborated by finds in the tombs and
by Professor Fiirst’s anthropological investigations37 of the ma-
34 Swed. Cyp. Exp. I, p- 302.
35 Westholm, Tombs at Milia, in the Quarterly of the Dep. of Ant. in
Palestine, Vol. VIII (1938).
3B Swed. Cyp. Exp. I, p. 467.
37 Fiirst, C. M., Zur Kenntnis der Anthropologie der prdhistorischen
Bevölkerung der Insel Cypern, Lund 1933.
Le Nord, 1944, 1-2
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