Ritröð Guðfræðistofnunar - 01.01.2011, Page 72

Ritröð Guðfræðistofnunar - 01.01.2011, Page 72
56. Efni í Gyðing-kristnum guðspjöllum (tilvitnanir í verkum kirkjufeðra) 57. Efni í verkum kirkjufeðra annað en tilvísanir í gyðing-kristin guðspjöll (sbr. lið 54) 58. Efni í verkum Evsebísuar frá Sesareu 59. Efni í ýmsum öðrum verkum: T.d. Didascalia apostolorum 60. Aletranir frá ýmsum stöðum Útdráttur Frá elsta skeiði endurreisnar Esra og Nehemía (538—300 f. Kr.) eru varðveittar fáar lagaheimildir aðrar en þær sem er að fmna í Mósebókum. Síðgyðingdómur spannar nokkurn veginn tímabilið frá 300 f. Kr. til 70 e. Kr. (fall musterisins í Jerúsalem) en frá því tímabili er m.a. grísk þýðing Gamla testamentisins (Septúaginta) sem varðveitir m.a mikilvægar lagahefðir í apókrýfum bókum Septúagintu. Rabbínskt lagaefni frá mótum núverandi tímatals er þó einkum varðveitt í Mishna (iögbók Gyðinga) frá því um aldamótin 200 e. Kr. I þessari grein verður fjallað um laga- hefðir gyðingdóms og eins í frumkristni og innan rabbínsks gyðingdóms sem tekur að mótast um svipað leyti og kristindómurinn eða eftir fall musterisins í Jerúsalem árið 70 e. Kr. Einnig verður fjallað um hvernig lagahefðir eru flokkaðar á milli Júdeu og Gyðinga í dreifingunni. Loks verður sérstaklega fjallað um vandamál sem lúta að meintri munnlegri varðveislu lagahefða áður en þær voru skráðar á blað. English summary Practically no legal traditions are preserved from the period of the Ezra-Nehemia restoration efforts following the end of the Babylonian Exile apart from those contained within the Pentateuch. Late or Middle Judaism covers more or less the period from 300 BCE up and until 70 CE or the time of the collapse of the Jerusalem Temple. From this timeframe sources on legal matters abund not least in the additional literature of the Septuagint over against the Hebrew Canon as exemplified in the Masoretic tradition. Rabbinic Iegal traditions, however, are for the most part preserved in the Jewish legal book of Mishna from around 200 CE. This essay discusses the most original legal traditions within Judaism in the context of the applicable NewTestament and other Early Christian writings as well as Rabbinic Judaism that developed around the same time as the New Testament or Early Christianity following the collapse of the temple in the first Christian century. Furthermore, the essay lists diverse legal traditions according to their geographical origin. In a final section, the essay deals with the problem of oral traditions over against scribal traditions. For the most part rabbinic legal traditions are considered to have originated and been transmitted orally as the form critical school maintained for New Testament literature in general. This contention is questioned in the paper by means of insights from rhetorical criticism. An Appedix offers a list of sources on legal traditions within Judaism and Early Christianity. 70
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