Tímarit um menntarannsóknir - 01.01.2009, Page 24

Tímarit um menntarannsóknir - 01.01.2009, Page 24
22 Tímarit um menntarannsóknir, 6. árgangur 2009 eiga besta vin. Að hluta til gengur þetta gegn þeirri hugmynd að bæði gerendur og þolendur eineltis eigi félagslega undir högg að sækja. Raunar verður ekki annað lesið úr niðurstöðum okkar en að þeir sem eru einungis gerendur eineltis séu félagslega sterkir og eigi ágæt samskipti við bæði fjölskyldu og vini. Þetta er athyglisvert í ljósi þess að börn og unglingar sem leggja aðra í einelti eru líklegri til að sýna af sér aðrar tegundir ofbeldishegðunar í æsku (Nansel, Overpeck, Haynie, Ruan og Scheidt, 2003) og þeir eru einnig líklegri til þess að gerast síðar meir sekir um kynferðislega áreitni og heimilisofbeldi gegn maka, börnum og öldruðum (Pepler, Craig og Connolly, 1997). Erlendar rannsóknir sýna að um 60% drengja sem eru gerendur í 6.−9. bekk eru komnir með a.m.k. einn dóm á bakið þegar þeir ná 24 ára aldri (Olweus, 1989). Frekari rannsókna er því þörf á þeim slóðum sem virðast geta legið frá sterkri félagslegri stöðu og einelti gagnvart jafnöldrum í æsku til ofbeldis og yfirgangs á fullorðinsárum. Rannsóknir hafa sýnt að þau börn sem verða ítrekað fyrir einelti eru mun líklegri en önnur til að þróa með sér ýmiss konar sálfræðilega kvilla, svo sem þunglyndi, einmanaleika og jafnvel sjálfsvígshugsanir eða sjálfsvígstil- raunir (Ivarsson, Broberg, Arvidsson og Gillberg, 2005; Kaltiala-Heino, Rimpela, Marttunen, Rimpela og Rantanen, 1999; Kumpulainen o.fl., 1998; Nansel o.fl., 2001). Einnig hafa rannsóknir sýnt að bæði gerendur og þolendur eineltis kvarta frekar um líkamlega kvilla og telja sig hafa minni ánægju af lífinu (Due og fél., 2005; Forero, McLellan, Rissel og Bauman og fél., 1999; Williams, Chambers, Logan og Robinson og fél., 1996; Wolke og fél., 2001). Þó að lág prósentutíðni eineltis á Íslandi sé vissulega tilefni til ánægju og bjartsýni má ekki gleyma því að á bak við lágar tíðnitölur eru engu að síður fá börn sem þjást mikið. Abstract Bullying and the relationship with family and friends amongst students in the 6th, 8th and 10th grades in compulsory school. Bullying is a serious problem in schools the world over. In recent years studies have increased our knowledge of both short- and long-term consequences of such actions for the victims. The objective of the current study is to use data from the HBSC study (Health Behaviors in School-Aged Children) to accurately analyse the prevalence and forms of bullying amongst male and female students in the 6th, 8th and 10th grades in Iceland. We also looked at the relationship between bullying and ease of communication with family and friends. Material and methods: The current paper made use of data collected for the Icelandic part of the HBSC-study. Standardized question- naires were answered by all students in the 6th, 8th and 10th grades who attended school on a given day in February 2006. Of a total of 13,384 students in these age groups in Iceland, answers were received from 11,813 or 88.3% of the students. The current study analyses questions pertaining to bullying, as well as ease of communication with family and friends. Results: Of the 11,565 students that responded to questions on bullying, 1,020 (8.8%) claimed to be victims, bullies or both. In total, 10.4% of boys had experience of bullying, but 5.7% of girls. Boys also bullied other students more often than girls, 4.4% versus 1.7%, respectively. The pattern of bullying changed with age. Victims of bullying became relatively fewer with increasing age, whilst the number of bullies increased. A much higher proportion of students that are both bullies and victims have no contact with their fathers or mothers. Victims are less likely to have a best friend, whereas bullies are most likely to have a best friend. Communication with fathers is more strained amongst students that are either bullies or victims, whereas bully/victims seem Ársæll M. Arnarsson og Þóroddur Bjarnason
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
Page 16
Page 17
Page 18
Page 19
Page 20
Page 21
Page 22
Page 23
Page 24
Page 25
Page 26
Page 27
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
Page 31
Page 32
Page 33
Page 34
Page 35
Page 36
Page 37
Page 38
Page 39
Page 40
Page 41
Page 42
Page 43
Page 44
Page 45
Page 46
Page 47
Page 48
Page 49
Page 50
Page 51
Page 52
Page 53
Page 54
Page 55
Page 56
Page 57
Page 58
Page 59
Page 60
Page 61
Page 62
Page 63
Page 64
Page 65
Page 66
Page 67
Page 68
Page 69
Page 70
Page 71
Page 72
Page 73
Page 74
Page 75
Page 76
Page 77
Page 78
Page 79
Page 80
Page 81
Page 82
Page 83
Page 84
Page 85
Page 86
Page 87
Page 88
Page 89
Page 90
Page 91
Page 92
Page 93
Page 94
Page 95
Page 96
Page 97
Page 98
Page 99
Page 100
Page 101
Page 102
Page 103
Page 104
Page 105
Page 106
Page 107
Page 108
Page 109
Page 110
Page 111
Page 112
Page 113
Page 114
Page 115
Page 116
Page 117
Page 118
Page 119
Page 120
Page 121
Page 122
Page 123
Page 124
Page 125
Page 126
Page 127
Page 128
Page 129
Page 130
Page 131
Page 132
Page 133
Page 134
Page 135
Page 136
Page 137
Page 138
Page 139
Page 140
Page 141
Page 142
Page 143
Page 144
Page 145
Page 146
Page 147
Page 148
Page 149
Page 150
Page 151
Page 152
Page 153
Page 154
Page 155
Page 156
Page 157
Page 158
Page 159
Page 160

x

Tímarit um menntarannsóknir

Direct Links

If you want to link to this newspaper/magazine, please use these links:

Link to this newspaper/magazine: Tímarit um menntarannsóknir
https://timarit.is/publication/1140

Link to this issue:

Link to this page:

Link to this article:

Please do not link directly to images or PDFs on Timarit.is as such URLs may change without warning. Please use the URLs provided above for linking to the website.