Saga


Saga - 1960, Side 36

Saga - 1960, Side 36
28 BROT ÚR HEIMSMYND ISLENDINGA SUMMARY A geographical survey in an Icelandic manuscript from ca. 1300 can be traced partly to a guide book written in Iceland before the year 1150, and partly to various other Norse and Icelandic sources from the 12th and 13th centuries. The latter ones try, however inexactly, to locate Helluland, Markland and Vinland in the ocean south of Greenland. The survey in question mentions the hypothesis that Vinland may be an African peninsula. The author’s commentary makes it evident that the old survey had its roots in the knowledge of northem seafarers. But not under- standing the global form of the Atlantic, and dwelling at 65° north, the Icelanders had to think in terms akin to Mercator’s projection (as if the 65° circle of latitude were its meridian circle), and thus they would mistakenly shorten the distances between the countries which they believed to encircle this „inner“ ocean. Lastly the Euro- pean theory of orbis terrarum had reached Iceland during the 12th century and doubtlessly helped to create the idea of connecting Vinland to Africa. II. GOÐMÖGN EÐA JARÐFRÆÐI í SJÁVARSTÖÐU- KENNINGUM UM 1000 eftir Björn Sigfússon. ÞaS eru ómælandi orð á 20. öld nema sinnisveikum ofsa- trúmönnum, að tortíming landa og mannkyns sé væntan- leg ráðstöfun Guðs. En sú var tíð í kristni, að þessu var hótað í fullri alvöru og jafnframt talið guðlast að efast um, að guðleg hönd hafi ráðið þeim náttúruhamförum, sem tortímt höfðu lífi og byggðum seint og snemma í sögu mannkyns. Þetta er ekkert sérkenni kristninnar, heldur samkenni allra einbeittra trúarbragða. í heiðni ólíkustu þjóða voru sköpun jarðar, heimsbyltingar og syndaflóð og heims- endirinn sjálfur einskis verk nema guðlegrar veru, sem
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