Hugur - 01.06.2010, Page 72

Hugur - 01.06.2010, Page 72
7° Olafur PállJónsson er hæfileikinn til að undrast yfir þeim. Þannig haldast hið siðferðilega og hið fagurfræðilega í hendur og eins og leikur barna er forsenda þess að þau þroski með sér fagurfræðileg viðhorf til umhverfis síns, þá er leikurinn líka forsenda siðferðisþroskans. Fáir hafa lýst undrun yfir náttúrunni og fagurfræðilegri upplifun af henni af meiri næmni - og betri húmor - en Þórbergur Þórðarson. Hæfileiki hans til að undrast yfir náttúrunni í Suðursveit og draga fram dásamlega eiginleika hennar, t.d. í Steinarnir tala, birtast svo aftur en í annarri mynd þegar hann lýsir sam- ferðamönnum sínum í Islenskum aðli. Viðfangsefnið í þessum tveimur bókum er því í vissum skilningi það sama, nefnilega hin undraverða tilvera - tilvera sem er efniviður skapandi h'fs. Eg spurði í upphafi hvað það gæti verið sem leilcur og skapandi starf ættu sam- eiginlegt. Við getum vissulega sagt að hvorugt geti án hins verið, að leikurinn sé forsenda sköpunarinnar og sköpunin sé forsenda leiksins. En sh'k lýsing er of almenn og fyrir vikið gagnslaus. En ef við sjáum hvernig þetta tvennt tengist, hvort heldur í einföldum leik barna eða á heilli ævi skapandi einstaklinga, þá sjáum við kannski líka hvernig leikur og skapandi starf eru forsendur þess að við getum náð nokkrum þroska sem þær siðferðilegu og fagurfræðilegu verur sem við eigum möguleika á að verða. Leikur og skapandi starf eru í raun forsenda þess að sá heimur sem við lifum í er ekki bara heimur dauðra hluta - kannski gagnlegra en hvorki fagurra né ljótra - heldur lifandi og merkingarbær heimur. Abstract Play, art and meaning It is often claimed, but less often explained what is meant by it, that play and creative work have something in common. Various things may come to mind as the similarities between play and creative work. Play is the mode of learning for children - children learn through play - and it is also said that children are creative beings. Some talk about free play and say that what makes it free is endless creativity at every moment. When people say that play is the mode of learning for children, less is being said than one might expect, for as a mode of learning, play is not a single mode but a plurality. An explanation is needed of what it is about play, in its many forms, that is conducive to learning. According to Dewey, play is essential for building up a world of meaning. Play may offer the rich circumstances necessary for meaning-making to take place. Here, De- wey is in agreement with the later Wittgenstein who argued that without any use, a symbol is just a dead lctter. This marriage between meaning and play can be explored further by means of the distinction between life and form made by Schiller and the combination of the two into livingform in the attitude of play. This has consequences for education quite generally, bringing out thc importance of a playful aesthetic attitude in learning.
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