Uppeldi og menntun - 01.07.2012, Page 136

Uppeldi og menntun - 01.07.2012, Page 136
Uppeldi og menntUn/icelandic JoUrnal of edUcation 21(2) 2012136 trú leikSkÓlabarna Á eigin getU um hÖfundAnA Guðrún Alda Harðardóttir (gudrunalda@sigalda.is) stundar doktorsnám í menntunar- fræðum við Háskóla Íslands. Viðfangsefni doktorsverkefnisins er námstækifæri leik- skólabarna í einum leikskóla. Guðrún Alda lauk leikskólakennaranámi frá Fóstur- skóla Íslands árið 1985, námi í fræðslustjórnun frá sama skóla árið 1992 og M.Ed.-prófi frá Kennaraháskóla Íslands árið 1998. Guðrún Alda lauk pedagogistunámi við Reggio Emilia Institutet í Stokkhólmi árið 2009. Rannsóknir hennar hafa einkum fjallað um leikskólastarf. Í dag rekur Guðrún Alda leikskóla í Kópavogi þar sem unnið er í anda Reggio Emilia; í leikskólanum gegnir hún einnig starfi pedagogistu. Hún starfaði um árabil við Háskólann á Akureyri. Kristján Kristjánsson (kk9@hi.is) lauk doktorsprófi í heimspeki við Háskólann í St. Andrews. Hann er prófessor í heimspeki menntunar við Menntavísindasvið Háskóla Íslands og nýskipaður prófessor við Menntavísindasvið Birminghamháskóla og aðstoðarforstjóri Jubilee Centre for Character and Values. Kristján hefur skrifað fjölda greina og bóka á sviði menntaheimspeki, siðfræði og siðferðilegs uppeldis. Sú nýjasta er The self and its emotions (Cambridge University Press, 2010). Hann vinnur nú að nýrri bók fyrir sama forlag um heimspekilegar forsendur jákvæðrar sálfræði. Perceived self-efficacy amongst preschoolers: Some methodological variations on themes from Bandura’s theory AbstrAct This paper has a multidimensional and interdisciplinary focus, which aims to integrate insights from preschool studies, philosophy and methodology. The basic research question is: How is it possible to conduct research into preschoolers’ perceived self- efficacy, in line with Bandura’s theory, and what are its methodological implications for self-efficacy studies in general? The nuts and bolts of Bandura’s theory are first explained: in particular how it distin- guishes itself from self-esteem theories, and how its object is basically what in everyday parlance is called “self-confidence”, although Bandura decided to coin the neologism “perceived self-efficacy” to capture its essence better and to avoid conflation with self- esteem. According to this theory, the self-efficacy of a person (P) vis-à-vis a task (T) – a student’s self-efficacy with respect to a given assignment, for instance – substantially influences the course of action P chooses to pursue, how much effort P puts forth, how long P perseveres in the face of obstacles and failures, the levels of stress P experiences in coping with T and, ultimately, the likelihood of P’s accomplishing T. Bandura argues
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