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Abstract
Among the Ten Thousand Things
Tang Junyi and the Characteristics of Chinese Cosmology
The aim of this paper is to introduce, to Icelandic readers of philosophy, the
particular worldview that gave rise to Chinese philosophical thought. Its
main part is an annotated summary of Tang Junyi’s celebrated essay from
1937, entitled „The Characteristics of Natural Cosmology in Chinese Phi-
losophy“. In the last decade or so, Tang Junyi (1909-78) has been receiving
considerable attention by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars in philos-
ophy, primarily for his sophisticated comparisons between Chinese, Indian
and Western models of thought. In this essay, he singles out twelve cosm-
ological „viewpoints“ or „perspectives" on the nature of reality that he takes
to be the distinguishing features of classical Chinese thought in general, and
demonstrates, through a selection of examples, that these viewpoints are at
play, explicitly or implicitly, in most, if not all, the different streams of
thought in ancient China. Tang underscores the importance of apprehend-
ing and taking seriously the differences between the fundamental modes of